PAST PERFECT

Pełne wyjaśnienie

Budowa zdań

Past Perfect =
had + past participle (V3)
→ jedno „had” dla wszystkich osób.

Zdania twierdzące

osoba + had + V3

• I had eaten before they arrived.

• She had finished the report.

• They had left when we got there.

Zdania przeczące

osoba + had not (hadn’t) + V3

• I hadn’t seen him before.

• She hadn’t done her homework.

• They hadn’t left yet.

Pytania (Yes/No)

Had + osoba + V3?

• Had you seen it?

• Had she finished?

Pytania szczegółowe (Wh-)

Wh-word + had + osoba + V3?

• Why had they left so early?

• Where had she gone?

Zastosowanie Past Perfect

Czas Past Perfect opisuje „przeszłą przeszłość” – coś, co wydarzyło się przed innym wydarzeniem w przeszłości.

Czynność wcześniejsza niż inna przeszła czynność

To jego główne użycie.

• When I arrived, they had started eating.

• She had left before he came.

Struktura narracyjna:

Past Perfect → starsze wydarzenie
Past Simple → nowsze wydarzenie

Powód, skutek, tło wcześniejszej sytuacji

• He was angry because someone had taken his seat.

• She was tired because she had worked all day.

Doświadczenia do pewnego momentu w przeszłości

• I had never seen snow before that winter.

• She had visited Paris twice before 2010.

Słowa-klucze

• before

• after

• by the time

• already

• just

• never

• when (PRZY czym: „when + Past Simple”, a wcześniejsze wydarzenie = Past Perfect)

Typowe błędy

When I came, they ate
When I came, they had eaten.

Had you saw?
Had you seen?

I hadn’t never done it
I had never done it.