FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TL;DR – streszczenie
will have been + verb-ing
mówi o czas trwania czynności do pewnego momentu w przyszłości
odpowiada na „jak długo?”
używamy z: by, by the time, for, how long, this time next…
różnica:
Future Perfect Simple → skończone
Future Perfect Continuous → trwa
Pełne wyjaśnienie
Budowa zdań
Future Perfect Continuous =
will have been + verb-ing
To konstrukcja opisująca czas trwania czynności do określonego momentu w przyszłości.
Zdania twierdzące
osoba + will have been + verb-ing
I will have been studying for 6 hours by midnight.
She will have been working here for 10 years by next month.
They will have been traveling all day by the time we meet.
Zdania przeczące
osoba + will not (won’t) have been + verb-ing
I won’t have been working long enough.
He won’t have been living there for very long.
They won’t have been waiting too long.
Pytania (Yes/No)
Will + osoba + have been + verb-ing?
Will you have been waiting long?
Will she have been studying for hours?
Pytania szczegółowe (Wh-)
Wh-word + will + osoba + have been + verb-ing?
How long will you have been working in this company?
Where will they have been staying?
Why will she have been crying?
Zastosowanie Future Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous ma dwa kluczowe zastosowania:
Podkreślenie CZASU TRWANIA czynności do konkretnego momentu w przyszłości
To najważniejsze i dominujące użycie.
By June, I will have been studying English for 5 years.
This time next week, she will have been traveling for two months.
They will have been working on the project for a year by December.
Pytanie: „jak długo?” → zawsze FPC
Wyjaśnienie przyszłego stanu / skutku trwającej czynności
Czyli czynność → trwała przez jakiś czas → ma skutek w przyszłości.
She’ll be tired — she will have been running for hours.
The room will be warm — the heater will have been working all night.
Słowa-klucze
for (odcinek czasu)
by (najważniejsze!)
by the time
before
this time next year/week
for X hours/months/years
how long
Trik:
→ jeśli w zdaniu są „by” + future moment + for X time” = prawie zawsze FPC.
Future Perfect Continuous vs Future Perfect Simple
| Future Perfect | Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|---|
| will have + V3 | will have been + ing |
| skupienie na EFEKCIE | skupienie na CZASIE TRWANIA |
| coś będzie skończone | coś trwało do danego momentu |
| I will have read the book. | I will have been reading the book for 2 hours. |
Krótko:
Future Perfect → co zostanie zrobione
Future Perfect Continuous → jak długo to trwało
Future Perfect Continuous vs Future Continuous
| Future Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|---|
| „czynność w trakcie” w przyszłości | „czynność trwająca aż do momentu” |
| I’ll be working at 5. | I’ll have been working for 3 hours by 5. |
Typowe błędy
❌ I will have been study
✔ I will have been studying
❌ Will have you been working?
✔ Will you have been working?
❌ By 8 I will be working for 3 hours
✔ By 8 I will have been working for 3 hours.
❌ używanie FPC zamiast FP z czasownikami statycznymi (stative)
❌ niemożliwe: I’ll have been knowing…
✔ poprawnie: I’ll have known…